• Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that can form in the kidneys, causing discomfort and potential health complications.
• Contrary to popular belief, milk consumption does not lead to the development of kidney stones. In fact, drinking milk is associated with lower rates of stone formation.
• Some ways to avoid kidney stones include staying well-hydrated, reducing salt intake, balancing calcium intake, and managing oxalate consumption.
• D-Mannose, a naturally occurring sugar, can be used as a supplement to support urinary tract health and may help reduce the risk of certain types of kidney stones.
• Seek medical advice if you experience severe pain, blood in urine, or other symptoms that might indicate kidney stones or if you're concerned about your kidney health.

Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys, often causing severe pain when they pass through the urinary tract.¹ While they can be caused by several factors, such as dehydration, genetics, and dietary choices, there has been some debate on whether or not milk and other dairy products increase the risk of kidney stone formation.

Contrary to popular belief, drinking milk does not directly cause kidney stones. Consuming milk and other dairy products is associated with a lower risk of kidney stone formation.

Studies have found that milk consumption is not linked to an increased risk of kidney stones. Research from Washington State University showed that milk did not raise the risk of stone formation in most normocalciuric adults who form stones.² Another study found that women who consumed three or more servings of dairy daily had a lower risk of kidney stone formation over an eight-year period.³

Additionally, patients who consumed 1,200 mg of calcium per day from food sources and low animal protein intake had a 51% lower incidence of recurrent kidney stones than patients who consumed only 400 mg of calcium per day.⁴

However, it is essential to note that while calcium from foods does not increase kidney stone risk, calcium from supplements has been associated with a higher risk of stone formation.⁵

In a study of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone fractures in postmenopausal women, those who took supplements had a higher incidence of kidney stones. Therefore, it is best to get calcium from food sources.

Various types of milk are available in the market today, including cow’s milk, almond milk, soy milk, goat’s milk, oat milk, and coconut milk. These milk are often consumed by itself or mixed with different types of drinks such as protein shakes. Each type of milk has its own nutritional profile and potential health benefits.⁹ Let’s explore each one:

Cow's milk is a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, nutrients essential for bone health. However, excessive calcium intake can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, the most common type of kidney stones.

An average cup (8 ounces) of cow's milk contains around 300 mg of calcium.⁹ Generally, consuming up to 2 to 3 servings of dairy products per day is considered safe and doesn't increase the risk of kidney stones for most people. If you have a history of kidney stones, consult your healthcare provider to determine a suitable calcium intake.

Almond milk is a dairy-free alternative made by blending almonds with water. It is naturally low in calcium unless fortified. Since it is not a significant source of calcium, ⁹ it is less likely to contribute to kidney stones when consumed in moderation. Almond milk has a high oxalate concentration,¹⁰ so it is best to drink it in moderation.

Soy milk is made from soybeans and is a good source of protein, but its calcium content varies depending on fortification. Unfortified soy milk is less likely to contribute to kidney stones. Soy milk has been seen to have low oxalate levels and appears favorable in terms of kidney stone risks.¹⁰

Goat's milk contains slightly less calcium than cow's milk, with around 270 mg of calcium per cup. Similar to cow's milk, excessive intake could contribute to calcium oxalate kidney stones. Stick to 2 to 3 servings of dairy products daily to stay within recommended limits.

Oat milk is made from oats and water, with a creamy texture similar to cow's milk. Oats are naturally low in calcium and have low oxalate levels, [10] so oat milk is less likely to contribute to kidney stones. Check the label for added calcium and vitamin D, as with other plant-based milk alternatives.

Coconut milk is made by blending coconut meat with water. It is naturally low in calcium and other minerals associated with kidney stone formation. It is high in saturated fat and should be consumed in moderation. However, coconut milk has undetectable oxalate levels and comparatively low sodium,¹⁰ making it a great milk alternative.

In conclusion, the risk of kidney stones from milk consumption depends on the type of milk, its calcium content, and the overall diet. Moderation is crucial in preventing kidney stones, regardless of the type of milk consumed.

Always read the labels of milk alternatives to check for added nutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D,⁵ and consult a healthcare provider to determine an appropriate calcium intake.

Experts have debunked the myth that drinking milk causes kidney stones. In fact, scientific studies have found that milk and dairy consumption is associated with a lower risk of kidney stone formation.

For instance, a study found that women who consumed three or more servings of dairy per day had a lower risk of kidney stone formation over an eight-year period.³ Another study from Washington State University showed that replacing apple juice with milk did not raise the risk of stone formation.²

Experts agree that calcium from food sources, including milk and dairy products, does not increase the risk of kidney stones.

Other dairy products, like cheese and yogurt, are also not directly linked to kidney stone formation.

As with milk, moderate consumption of these products is not likely to significantly increase the risk of kidney stones. The key is to balance your calcium intake with other nutrients and stay within the recommended daily limits.

It is essential to note that while calcium from food does not increase kidney stone risk, calcium from supplements has been associated with a higher risk of stone formation.⁵ Therefore, getting calcium from food sources rather than supplements is recommended.

Individuals with a history of kidney stones should monitor their intake of high-oxalate foods, such as spinach, rhubarb, and nuts, which can increase the risk of stone formation when consumed in excess. Combining high-calcium and high-oxalate foods may help reduce oxalate absorption and lower the risk of kidney stones.

Maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding excessive intake of calcium supplements are essential steps in preventing kidney stone formation. Drinking at least 8 cups of water per day can help dilute urine and reduce the risk of stone formation.

Additionally, a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients like potassium, magnesium, and fiber can help keep your kidneys healthy. Getting calcium from food sources like milk and dairy products rather than supplements is also crucial.

You can enjoy milk and other dairy products without worrying about kidney stones by following a balanced diet and getting calcium from food sources.

Experts recommend consuming milk and dairy products in moderation as part of a varied diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. It is essential to stay hydrated and reduce the intake of foods high in oxalates, like spinach, nuts, and chocolate.⁷

By following a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, you can enjoy milk and other dairy products while reducing the risk of kidney stones.

There are several strategies to help reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.⁶,⁷ Here are some additional ways to consider:

1. Drink plenty of water: Staying well-hydrated helps dilute the urine substances that can lead to stone formation.
2. Reduce salt intake: High sodium intake can increase calcium in the urine, increasing the risk of kidney stones.
3. Limit animal protein: Diets high in animal protein can increase the risk of kidney stones.
4. D-Mannose: D-Mannose is a natural sugar that may help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs),⁸ which can contribute to kidney stone formation. D-Mannose may help reduce the risk of infection and stone formation by preventing bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract walls.
5. Avoid foods high in oxalates: Some foods, like spinach, beets, and almonds, are high in oxalates, contributing to stone formation.

Incorporating these strategies into your daily routine can help reduce your risk of kidney stone formation. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before making any significant changes to your diet or lifestyle.

It's essential to pay attention to your body and recognize when you may need professional medical assistance.

If you experience severe pain in your lower back or abdomen, bloody or cloudy urine, nausea, vomiting, or fever and chills – all of which can be signs of kidney stones – it's crucial to seek medical help promptly.

If you have a history of kidney stones or are at high risk for them due to factors like a family history or certain medical conditions, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations on prevention and management.

There is no direct evidence to suggest that drinking milk or consuming dairy products causes kidney stones. In fact, milk consumption is associated with a lower risk of stone formation.

Maintaining a balanced diet, staying well-hydrated, and adopting healthy lifestyle practices is essential to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.

If you're concerned about kidney stones or want to learn more about preventing them, consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new dietary supplement, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, or are taking other medications. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.

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2. Massey, L. K., & Kynast-Gales, S. A. (1998). Substituting milk for apple juice does not increase kidney stone risk in most normocalciuric adults who form calcium oxalate stones. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(3), 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00071-6
3. Curhan, G. C., Willett, W. C., Speizer, F. E., Spiegelman, D., & Stampfer, M. J. (1997). Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Annals of internal medicine, 126(7), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00001
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8. Cooper, T. E., Teng, C., Howell, M., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Jaure, A., & Wong, G. (2022). D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 8(8), CD013608. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013608.pub2
9. Sources of Calcium for a cow’s milk free diet - Milton Keynes University Hospital. (2023, January 1). Milton Keynes University Hospital. https://www.mkuh.nhs.uk/patient-information-leaflet/sources-of-calcium-for-a-cows-milk-free-diet
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